Linux搭建DNS服务-v2tn

一、简单介绍

1、dns服务：是域名解析服务，它的作用是将域名解析成IP地址，或者是将IP地址解析成域名。

2、实验环境：Centos7.6 IP192.168.10.129 物理机：192.168.10.1

二、关闭防火墙与SELinux特性

2.1关闭防火墙

[root@centos ~]# systemctl stop firewalld     //临时关闭防火墙
[root@centos ~]# systemctl disable firewalld   //永久关闭防火墙

2.2关闭SELinux

[root@centos ~]# setenforce 0   //临时关闭selinux特性
#永久关闭SELinux服务
把上面的SELINUX=disabled即可，:wq保存退出

Linux搭建DNS服务_linux

三、安装DNS服务

3.1安装bind,bind-utils

[root@centos ~]# yum install bind bind-utils -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
dvd                                                                            | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): dvd/group_gz                                                            | 166 kB  00:00:00     
(2/2): dvd/primary_db                                                          | 3.1 MB  00:00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.9.4-72.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: bind-libs = 32:9.9.4-72.el7 for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: python-ply for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: policycoreutils-python for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: policycoreutils-python for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: liblwres.so.90()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libisccfg.so.90()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libisccc.so.90()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libisc.so.95()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdns.so.100()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libbind9.so.90()(64bit) for package: 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64
---> Package bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.9.4-72.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.9.4-72.el7 will be installed
---> Package policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-29.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: setools-libs >= 3.3.8-4 for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsemanage-python >= 2.5-14 for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: audit-libs-python >= 2.1.3-4 for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: python-IPy for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libqpol.so.1(VERS_1.4)(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libqpol.so.1(VERS_1.2)(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcgroup for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapol.so.4(VERS_4.0)(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: checkpolicy for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libqpol.so.1()(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapol.so.4()(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64
---> Package python-ply.noarch 0:3.4-11.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.4-4.el7 will be installed
---> Package checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-20.el7 will be installed
---> Package libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7 will be installed
---> Package python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================
 Package                           Arch              Version                     Repository      Size
======================================================================================================
Installing:
 bind                              x86_64            32:9.9.4-72.el7             dvd            1.8 M
 bind-utils                        x86_64            32:9.9.4-72.el7             dvd            206 k
Installing for dependencies:
 audit-libs-python                 x86_64            2.8.4-4.el7                 dvd             76 k
 bind-libs                         x86_64            32:9.9.4-72.el7             dvd            1.0 M
 checkpolicy                       x86_64            2.5-8.el7                   dvd            295 k
 libcgroup                         x86_64            0.41-20.el7                 dvd             66 k
 libsemanage-python                x86_64            2.5-14.el7                  dvd            113 k
 policycoreutils-python            x86_64            2.5-29.el7                  dvd            456 k
 python-IPy                        noarch            0.75-6.el7                  dvd             32 k
 python-ply                        noarch            3.4-11.el7                  dvd            123 k
 setools-libs                      x86_64            3.3.8-4.el7                 dvd            620 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages (+9 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 4.8 M
Installed size: 13 M
Downloading packages:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                  56 MB/s | 4.8 MB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 32:bind-libs-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64                                                  1/11 
  Installing : setools-libs-3.3.8-4.el7.x86_64                                                   2/11 
  Installing : audit-libs-python-2.8.4-4.el7.x86_64                                              3/11 
  Installing : checkpolicy-2.5-8.el7.x86_64                                                      4/11 
  Installing : python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch                                                      5/11 
  Installing : libsemanage-python-2.5-14.el7.x86_64                                              6/11 
  Installing : python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch                                                      7/11 
  Installing : libcgroup-0.41-20.el7.x86_64                                                      8/11 
  Installing : policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64                                          9/11 
  Installing : 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64                                                      10/11 
  Installing : 32:bind-utils-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64                                                11/11 
  Verifying  : libcgroup-0.41-20.el7.x86_64                                                      1/11 
  Verifying  : python-ply-3.4-11.el7.noarch                                                      2/11 
  Verifying  : libsemanage-python-2.5-14.el7.x86_64                                              3/11 
  Verifying  : policycoreutils-python-2.5-29.el7.x86_64                                          4/11 
  Verifying  : 32:bind-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64                                                       5/11 
  Verifying  : python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch                                                      6/11 
  Verifying  : checkpolicy-2.5-8.el7.x86_64                                                      7/11 
  Verifying  : 32:bind-utils-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64                                                 8/11 
  Verifying  : 32:bind-libs-9.9.4-72.el7.x86_64                                                  9/11 
  Verifying  : audit-libs-python-2.8.4-4.el7.x86_64                                             10/11 
  Verifying  : setools-libs-3.3.8-4.el7.x86_64                                                  11/11 

Installed:
  bind.x86_64 32:9.9.4-72.el7                    bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.9.4-72.el7                   

Dependency Installed:
  audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.4-4.el7          bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.9.4-72.el7                   
  checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7                  libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-20.el7                     
  libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7          policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-29.el7         
  python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7                  python-ply.noarch 0:3.4-11.el7                     
  setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7              

Complete!

3.2安装成功，启动并查看named服务

[root@centos ~]# systemctl start named     //启动named服务
[root@centos ~]# systemctl status named    //查看named服务状态
● named.service - Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS)
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-11-21 17:17:36 CST; 18s ago
  Process: 10433 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/named -u named -c ${NAMEDCONF} $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 10431 ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c if [ ! "$DISABLE_ZONE_CHECKING" == "yes" ]; then /usr/sbin/named-checkconf -z "$NAMEDCONF"; else echo "Checking of zone files is disabled"; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 10435 (named)
   CGroup: /system.slice/named.service
           └─10435 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf

Nov 21 17:17:36 centos named[10435]: command channel listening on ::1#953
Nov 21 17:17:36 centos named[10435]: managed-keys-zone: loaded serial 0
Nov 21 17:17:36 centos named[10435]: zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
Nov 21 17:17:36 centos named[10435]: zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
Nov 21 17:17:36 centos named[10435]: zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
Nov 21 17:17:36 centos named[10435]: zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0
Nov 21 17:17:36 centos named[10435]: zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0...al 0
Nov 21 17:17:36 centos named[10435]: all zones loaded
Nov 21 17:17:36 centos named[10435]: running
Nov 21 17:17:36 centos systemd[1]: Started Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS).
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@centos ~]#

四、修改配置文件

4.1进入dns配置文件，进行配置

[root@centos ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

只需要修改以下文件里面的两个部分，其余的不要动

options {
        listen-on port 53 { 192.168.10.129; }; //设置为本地的IP地址
        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
        secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
        allow-query     { any; };  //设置为所有人都可以访问

4.2配置文件，增加正反向解析

[root@centos ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

输入快捷键G，直接跳转的最后一行，并添加正反向解析

43 zone "centos1.com" IN {        
 44          type master;
 45          file "centos.com.zone";        //正向解析文件
 46         allow-update { none; };
 47   };
 48 
 49 zone "10.186.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {         
 50          type master;
 51          file "centos.com.local";      //反向解析文件
 52         allow-update { none; };
 53  };

正向解析：（1）正向解析zone是centos.com，它是通过centos.com找到对应的主机IP地址

反向解析：（2）对应的zone是本机IP192.168.10.129，前面部分192.168.10要过来写10.182.196，反向解析

4.3拷贝/var/named/目录下named.localhost和named.loopback文件

[root@centos ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@centos named]# cp -p named.localhost contos.com.zone
[root@centos named]# cp -p named.loopback contos.com.local

4.4在拷贝的正反向解析里面添加主机记录

4.4.1正向解析内容

$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  @ dns.centos.com. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      dns.centos.com.
www     A    192.168.10.129   //A代表的是IPV4的地址
dns     A    192.168.10.129
email   A    192.168.10.129

4.4.2反向解析内容（照着正向解析反着写）

TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  @ dns.centos.com. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
@       NS      dns.centos.com.
192.168.10.129  PTR     dns.centos.com.   //PTR是反向解析指针
192.168.10.129  PTR     www.centos.com.
192.168.10.129  PTR     email.centos.com.

4.4.3名词解释

NS dns.centos.com. 本机的域名

dns A 192.168.10.129 dns为centos.com的域名前坠，对应着192.168.10.129

www A 192.168.10.129 www为centos.com的域名前坠，对应着192.168.10.129

email A 192.168.10.129 email为centos.com的域名前坠，对应着192.168.10.129

4.4.4重启服务

[root@centos ~]# systemctl restart named

五、在客户端上面进行验证

在客户端输入nslookup+IP地址或者域名访问即可，如果能获取到

服务器和IP地址

名称和IP地址

就行了

以上就是完整配置DNS服务的流程--------------------------------------------

Linux搭建DNS服务

一、简单介绍

二、关闭防火墙与SELinux特性

2.1关闭防火墙

2.2关闭SELinux

三、安装DNS服务

3.1安装bind,bind-utils

3.2安装成功，启动并查看named服务

四、修改配置文件

4.1进入dns配置文件，进行配置

4.2配置文件，增加正反向解析

4.3拷贝/var/named/目录下named.localhost和named.loopback文件

4.4在拷贝的正反向解析里面添加主机记录

4.4.1正向解析内容

4.4.2反向解析内容（照着正向解析反着写）

4.4.3名词解释

4.4.4重启服务

五、在客户端上面进行验证

rm_-rf

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